Bone age determination in infants

Count the visible ossification centers as in the schematic above.  Blackened centers are the only ones that count.  Then use the chart above

Risser Classification

The iliac crest apophysis is unossified until adolescence. 

At about 14 years, ossification begins on the anterolateral aspect of the iliac crest and continues posteromedially.

Fusion of the ossified apophysis begins around the age of 15 years and may not be complete until 25 years.

Skeletal dysplasia: An update

The skeletal dysostoses and dysplasias are now classified as "Genetic Skeletal Disorders," a nod towards our better understanding of the human genome and the genetic basis of disease.  Check out the new standard for classifying these disorders online at:

http://www.isds.ch/Nosology2006.html